Google's Strategy in 2012 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Google's Strategy in 2012 - Case Study Example This exploration will start with the explanation that lawful activities that are against Google have predominantly begun from encroachment just as different issues that are related with copyrights. In any case, the idea of protection in the web world is dynamically getting unmanageable and capacity that Google has of recording the propensities for web clients and broadcasting the data to the individuals on the web needs to prompt the calls for new laws that are progressively severe. The outer large scale monetary condition that Google exists in incorporates all the outside firms and powers, which have a potential intrigue or impact on the capacity that the firm needs to accomplish its objectives. In spite of the way that Google is an online business, macroeconomics factors extraordinarily influence the communicate of the organization in a few areas, for example, China, which has limited the utilization of Google and now and again inaccessible. Google has delighted in opportunity from government obstructions since it was set up in 1998 since it doesn't fall under one government ward. The product that Google uses is exclusive and is just confined by specific court arranges in different nations. Be that as it may, this may change in the days to accompany the presentation of a Federal Internet Sales Tax Law in the United States. The way that Google has just settled a brand name that the clients have had the option to trust is one of the qualities of the related with the organization. The administrations offered by this organization are trustworthy, solid and generally quick contrasted with other web indexes.

The Impact of Scale on Francesco Borrominis Sac Carlo Alle Quattro Fontanne free essay sample

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontanne is frequently considered Borromini’s most notable perfect work of art of Baroque design for his mark utilization of undulating surfaces, unadulterated numerical structures and acclimating geometrical forming. San Carlo is fundamentally little given the size of florid developed during Borromini’s time anyway does this thwart San Carlo’s engineering impact and effect as an ordered extravagant type of design? Francesco Borromini was a stone artisan in terms of professional career and began as a stone bricklayer in his initial vocation. Under headings of his dad, he was sent to Milan for culminating his aptitudes in stone slicing when he was acquainted with the art of engineering before moving to Rome in the mid 1600’s and began work for his far off family member and modeler, Carlo Maderno. Simply after Maderno’s passing did Borromini got familiar with the incomparable Gian Bernini. Bernini became Borromini’s incredible companion and partner as they took a shot at tasks such Maderno’s Palazzo Barberini and the Baldachin in Saint Peter’s Cathedral. Bernini was dazzled with Borromini’s epic definition of structural detail, something he has extraordinarily consummated as a stonemason. The pair would become prime impacts of the Italian extravagant development in Rome of the 1600s ahead of time of Pope Sixtus V ‘s Roma in forma sideris† plan of Rome. Dissimilar to Bernini’s character qualities of having the option to satisfy highborn and the incredible, Borromini was a desolate, pulled back man who hoped to turn into an autonomous modeler who valued his specific preparing and picked up the most humble level of acknowledgment. As a Result Borromini went separate ways, both elaborately and by and by, with Bernini and set about discovering his own tasks. On Borromini’s later works, Bernini censured Borromini in relinquishing the human nature in building structure. At the time it was contended that building extents ought to be gotten from the extent of the body of a man, the extents of the Vitruvian man (as observed beneath), as it was contended that the extents of the man was demonstrated in the picture of God. Boromini anyway put stock in the study of science and how the possibility of geometry and nature being indistinguishably associated, much like what Gallaleo expounded on, and he attempts to carry light and shape to the fore of his style. In the wake of being appointed by the Cardinal Francesco Barberini of the Spanish Trinitarians, Borromini’s first autonomous commission, Borromini leaves from the universal translations of days of yore and takes up his own style concerning his standards on geometry and numerical extents. Because of Borromini’s opportunity to make in the picture of his standards, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane has components of unrivaled spatial unpredictability and Curvilinear Facades. The whole outside exterior of the congregation is a case of Borromini’s inclination for raised and curved structures which makes an undulating surface which changes the development of the veneer from static to exceptionally powerful, or as onlookers would watch, pr actically like a wave. Notwithstanding the curvilinear structure the front of the congregation, the front veneer is partitioned into two stories by anticipating cornices and horizontally isolated by four ionic segments with capitals. The fundamental body of the congregation is an undulating ovular shape with an ovular vault and a lamp on it to give light access to the body, much the same as oculus in the pantheon. Anyway the fundamental idea of the arrangement doesn't get from an oval yet from the primary subject of the request for religion, The Spanish Trinitarians, which has faith in the heavenly trinity. The arrangement and course of the congregation is orientated dependent on the graph beneath where the sacred trinity, represented as the triangle is returned to back to frame a precious stone shape. This jewel shape is then engraved outwardly making an oval shape, the state of the primary body of the congregation. Inside this oval shape two circles are drawn and from those circles lines can be attracted starting with one point then onto the next from the congregation and along these lines making those lines the bearing of the design . The inside of the congregation can be vertically separated into three head specialties of the lower request at ground level, the progress zone of the pendentives and the ovular arch with it’s oval molded lamp. Separating the lower some portion of the congregation to the upper part is again the event of undulating lines over the ionic segments which encompass the lower some portion of the congregation. The ovular arch shape is made of interconnect ed squares, crosses, hexagons and octagons which reduce in size as they ascend towards the oval formed lamp which permits common light to go in and perform the all white inside of the congregation. The size of the congregation is generally little contrasted with the momentous preferences of terrific engineering, for example, the Piazza di San Pietro by Bernini, as it was noticed that the size of the San Carlo Church can fit in the one of the vault segments at Saint Peter’s basilica However Borromini investigation with little structures on confounded ground planes which introduced, frequently, sporadic spaces, prompted another type of compositional articulation which was amazingly radical at that point. His capacity to keep up building solidarity with the utilization of curvilinear of both the inside and outside of the congregation, alongside the blend of old style segments from old Greece, features the noteworthiness of the San Carlino Church as another structure which split away from the contemporary design which basically got from Vitruvius’ goals, seen generally communicated during that timeframe. Anyway such an extreme change in contemporary design at the time was excessively radical and Borromini’s work was met with basic brutality. Because of his poor basic reaction from craftsmanship and design evaluates at that point, he got almost no approval during his life and thus didn’t get the same number of chances to make, for example, any semblance of his old partner Bernini and regularly worked for strict requests instead of the ecclesiastical church. Along these lines showing up at my sentiment that if Borromini was allowed to structure on an a lot bigger scope for instance the ecclesiastical church, his engineering structures and thinking would have been taken progressively genuine and pondered more and would have no uncertainty had more noteworthy impacts on design which went before it. Because of the absence of subsidizing of his undertakings, the size of San Carlo all Quattro Fontane was incredibly little yet it was stuffed with such style and decorated with such detail. As I would see it if upgrades could be made, the area and the size of the congregation could’ve further featured the compositional virtuoso of Borromini.

Blog Archive MBA Career News Evaluating Job Offers

Blog Archive MBA Career News Evaluating Job Offers In this new blog series, our mbaMission Career Coaches offer invaluable advice and industry-related news to help you actively manage your career. Topics include building your network, learning from mistakes and setbacks, perfecting your written communication, and mastering even the toughest interviews. To schedule a free half-hour consultation with one of our mbaMission Career Coaches, click here. With many MBA internship offers coming out in the next few weeks, we wanted to share our advice on evaluating job offers. (Note: This advice is applicable to MBAs receiving full-time offers as well as to MBA graduates who are job seekers.) First, and most importantly, in your excitement of receiving an offer, do not accept it on the spot. Instead, be gracious, express your excitement, and clarify the timeline for making a decision. Second, as you evaluate the offer, ask yourself the following questions: What do you want to get from this job? What are you going to learn from this job? Does the job meet your career goalsâ€"in the short term and/or in the long term? Does the job meet your target career criteria (e.g., work content, culture, compensation, location, brand name, career growth)? What, if any, are your reservations about the job? What information can you gather or questions can you ask (and of whom) to help address these concerns? What is the perception of the company in the marketplace? Is your experience a good match for the role? How much of a stretch will this role be for you? Does the compensation package fairly recognize your contributions (e.g., experience, skills, and seniority) and job responsibilities given the realities of the marketplace? If not, understand whether negotiation would be appropriate for this role, and if so, how you want to approach it. Also, note that for many internships, compensation is not negotiable. Do you have a strong internal network (advocates and/or alumni from your MBA program)? How do the important people in your life feel about this job offer? Third, take your due diligence to the next level. Set up conversations with people who are currently working at the firm as well as with connections who are former employees.  Carefully craft the questions you want to ask. Consider some of the following: How did you decide to join Firm X? What were you looking for from your internship/career? Where do you see your career going in the next three to five or ten years? What about working at Firm X has met and exceeded your expectations? What has surprised you most about Firm X? How can you best describe your career to date at Firm X? What makes employees succeed at Firm X? What differentiates great employees from good employees? How would you be evaluated? Who would be on the team? What is the management style of your supervisor? What are the strategic priorities for the role and for your department? What are the obstacles/challenges in addressing those priorities? Here are a few final tips on offer evaluation and management: Carefully review the entire written offer. Remain responsive to any inquiries from your future employer about your decision-making process (even if you do not have an answer yet). Write down the answers to the above questions. Use a pros/cons list, and consider also using a ranking and weighing system. Check out LinkedIn to understand the career trajectory of both current and past employees. Keep up with recent news and social media postings about the company. Communicate your decision to your point of contact at the firm as well as to any advocates and mentors who answered your questions and/or supported your efforts to secure this position. Have you been admitted to business school and want to get a head start on defining your career goals? Do you need help preparing for job interviews or learning how to effectively network with your target employers? Or maybe you want to be a top performer in your current role but are unsure how to maximize your potential. Let an mbaMission Career Coach help via a free 30-minute consultation! Share ThisTweet Career Advice MBA Career News

The Legal Protection Of The United States - 957 Words

Copyright laws in the United States are very important because it protects your work from someone claiming that it’s theirs. According to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), The main reason why intellectual property laws exist is because it protects the progress and well-being of humanity by creating and inventing new works in the areas of technology and culture. Second, the legal protection promotes innovation. Lastly, the promotion increases jobs, increases technological advancements, and spurs inventions. So this means that if you worked tirelessly to complete a research paper on a doctoral thesis for a method to reduce the risk of cancer in humans, you should be credited for that work. A random person cannot go and copy your work and claim it as their own. At the same time, if a photographer spent months traveling around the world taking pictures of beautiful places, things, people, etc. the photographer is protected from someone taking their photographs a nd using it for themselves, without giving the photographer credit. Unfortunately, people go even further with copyright in the photographer’s example, by taking the photographers pictures and putting it on a canvas or enlarging it, and sell it to people to make money, which is traditionally called piracy. Copyright covers both using someone’s work for an assignment and someone stealing your photographs and using it for themselves to make a profit, but I believe that piracy is greater of the two evils.Show MoreRelatedSentencing And Punishment Of The Legal Law868 Words   |  4 Pages Members of the legal profession are claiming that changes to the availability of legal aid brought about by the introduction of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 could cause harm to the rule of law. The Act it is claimed creates an environment in which those who, without the financial resources to access justice will be denied access to justice. In principl e the rule of law is intended to ensure that the law is just, accessible to all and that it is enforceable. Read MoreThe Definition For Agents Of Foreign Powers1640 Words   |  7 Pagesamendment authorized the US Attorney General to conduct warrantless surveillance based on national security interests. 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Accidental Discovery Of Christopher Columbus - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1775 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Christopher Columbus Essay Did you like this example? Many important figures have contributed to our understanding of marine exploration though not as pivotal as Christopher Columbus and his accidental discovery. Columbus is considered to be one of the greatest and well-known mariner of all time for challenging and developing ideas which allowed him to become successful. He is the reason that Europeans had come to a realization of undiscovered land of the Americas. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Accidental Discovery Of Christopher Columbus" essay for you Create order Christopher Columbus took a voyage westward in search of Asia to look for an efficient way to trade by sea. The outcome of the westward voyage resulted in an accidental discovery of the New World. The first voyage leads to a deep exploration of the newly discovered Americas and their native inhabitants causing a devastating effect on their civilization. After the first voyage, Columbus leads three more expeditions to the New World which highly impacts the course of history in a significant manner. The renowned Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy in the year 1451. He learned how to sail at an early age and was self-taught. He would often read navigation and astronomy books which sharpened his skills to become a well-known mariner. Columbus was a strong believer of a spherical earth and suggested the idea of finding a more efficient way of conducting trade for a profit by sailing West to end up East (Hale pp.7). He suggested his idea to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain who surprisingly agreed and financed his expedition after being turned down by other Kings. Little did they know; the expedition would change the course of history. Christopher Columbus prepared for the Great Voyage readies three ships known as the Nia, the Pinta and the Santa Maria. He sets sail westward on August 3rd, 1492 from the Canary Islands in hopes to find the Eastern lands. After the eighth day of being at sea Columbus and crew had lost sight of the land they had left and had not seen land for a period of thirty days. The voyage was not as easy as Columbus had expected it to be, and it was uneventful as well consisting of disputes among crew members and harsh living condition. Columbus was faced with a sudden rebellion by the crew members as they had become anxious and truculent (Philips pp.147). According to Columbuss diary, he had made two sets of calculations evidently to deceive the crew into believing that they had sailed less to avoid gaining their distrust and being thrown overboard for their lack of patience (Hale pp.20-21). Then came the thirty-third day, Columbus and his crew come across land since their departure. They discovered the Caribbean Islands on October 11th late at night where they eagerly waited until morning to explore the island (Philips pp.153). As Columbus arrived at the island with his crew members he believed he had landed in India, therefore, calling the habitants Indians. He also began naming the islands that surrounded him and named the one he arrived to after their savior, San Salvador. Documents and letters written by Christopher Columbus himself drew a vivid picture of what he came across in San Salvador. He befriends the natives of the island and gave them treasures that gave them pleasure and amusement, but Columbus had something else planned. He converted the Natives into Christian Spanish speakers through harsh and forceful ways. In his diary, he states, As soon as I reached that sea, I seized by force several Indians on the first island, in order that they might learn from us (Columbus pp.7). Columbus discovers the Americas yet sails throughout the islands in search for gold and other valuable goods that may interest the King and Queen and comes across Cuba, Haiti and other Caribbean islands. His intentions wit h the natives were not good since his arrival to the islands as stated in a letter he wrote, I might induce them to take an interest in seeking out, and collecting, and delivering to us such things as they possessed in abundance, but which we greatly need (Kishlansky pp. 302). His desire was to obtain anything valuable that they possessed in abundance to take back to Spain. After returning to Spain Columbus had plans of taking back a bigger fleet to the Caribbean. He exaggerated reports and documents involving the islands of China he had discovered knowing that he had a profitable future ahead of him. Although he faced hardships and mutiny during the first voyage, Columbus was determined to bring back valuable goods, materials and native slaves. He became greedy and wanted to make a profit off the islands he had discovered which prompted him to launch the second voyage to the Americas. On September 25th, 1493 Columbus sailed back to the Americas with a bigger fleet than the first voyage (Philips pp. 194). Columbuss second voyage back to the Americas was relatively faster than the first but still faced hardships from his crew members because he ordered for small rations until land was sighted and many of the members became ill. Columbus and his crew spotted land on November 4th, 1493 and he came across many new islands which he named Dominica, Virgin Islands, Santa Maria and many more. He returned to Hispaniola where he had left crew members from the first voyage to build a fort, but all were brutally killed by the natives of the island. Diego Alvarez Chanca a witness who sailed with Columbus wrote many letters regarding the voyage and experience. Many of those letters contained brutal and disturbing experiences involving; cannibal Indians, treatment on other conquered Indians, as well as the slaughter of other Indians by the Europeans. A huge amount of the native population was dying of diseases as they were not immune to the diseases the Europeans had brought. Columbus continues to e xplore the newly discovered islands further and left more men behind in a small settlement called La Navidad. He also found nuggets of gold that he would then take to the king and queen. He also tries to raise funds for importing and exporting goods from the Americas by taking a great number of Indians back to Europe to sell them into slavery (Philips pp. 196-202). Not long after the second voyage, Columbus was still determined to look for valuables as well as new land that they could discover further along the already explored islands. The reason Columbus was desperate was because he was growing poor, and his slave trade was condemned by the queen which cost him a lot. On May 30th, 1498 Columbus sets sail to the new world for the third time. Sailing westward Columbus sends three ships to Hispaniola where the settlements his brother Bartholomew had been in charge of were located. Meanwhile Columbus and the rest of the fleet traveled towards the Island of Trinidad and eventually made their way to the Paria Peninsula present day Venezuela. This was Columbus first time landing on South American soil. He briefly explored Venezuela and found natives that showed him the way to find gold and pearls. Columbus in poor health returned to Hispaniola where he encountered chaos and disaster after Indian and European uprisings had occurred. Columbus was unab le to take control of the problem which led to settlers leaving the colony as soon as possible. Columbus had again exaggerated and lied in his reports stating that everything was going well in Hispaniola. However, when Columbus arrived back to Spain, settlers complained about him and his brother, framing them for injustice actions and oppression towards them and the Natives. All these people that stood up against Columbus cost him his royal property as governor, his ships and houses. The royal officer of the King and Queen put Christopher Columbus into custody right after his return (Hale pp. 67-73). During the time Columbus was in custody he wrote letters to the King and Queen stating that he had really found the mainland of Asia and hes the reason for Spains increase in wealth. The King and Queen then responded by ordering him to be released from custody and sent him to court in Granada. They also gave him back some of his property as well as the permission for one last voyage. On May 11th, 1502 Columbus and his fleet of old ships made way towards the new world for one last expedition. Christopher Columbuss last voyage was rough throughout. The fleet had was hit by strong storms and hurricanes, they landed in Panama where they decided to leave settlers behind to build a settlement, but they were all attacked by the natives of the area. Columbus and the crew managed to escape the attacks but lost major numbers of people. When sailing back they were hit by another storm that stranded them, they seeked help from the Natives that admiringly helped them giving them sustenance and sh elter. The whole trip was a disaster for Columbus and the crew. They managed to get to Hispaniola with help from the natives and were able to get back home on November 7, 1504, which marked the end of Christopher Columbus journey. He died on May 20th, 1506 and left behind a legacy that has become controversial in our society today (Philips pp. 230-235) (Hale pp. 81-83). The four voyages led by Christopher Columbus one of the most important marine explorers changed the course of European and later to be American history. His accidental discovery of the Americas brought centuries of marine exploration to Europe and neighboring countries it brought forward the Columbian exchange, friction between colonies and the death of huge populations of Natives. His discovery was overwhelmingly beneficial to Europe but had a negative impact on the natives in the Americas. Written accounts of Columbus himself state, In the name of the Holy Trinity, we can send from here all the slaves and brazil-wood which could be sold . In Castille, Portugal, Aragon and the Canary Islands they need many slaves (Mark and Tink pp. 41). Columbus had no good intentions after the discovery of the Americas which dooms the Natives and their native inhabitants but marked the beginning of New World explorations. Bibliography Columbus, Christopher. The Letter of Columbus On the Discovery of America. Printed by Order of the Trustees of the Lenox Library. New York: [The De Vinne Press], 1892. Hale, Edward Everett. The Life of Christopher Columbus: His Own Letters and Journals. G.L Howe Company, 1891. Kishlansky, Mark A. Sources of World History: Readings for World Civilization. Wadsworth, vol. 1, no. 5, 2012. Philips, William D., and Philips Rahn Carla. The Worlds of Christopher Columbus. Cambridge University Press, 1992. Tinker, George E., and Mark. Freeland. Thief, Slave Trader, Murderer: Christopher Columbus and Caribbean Population Decline. Wicazo Sa Review, vol. 23, no. 1, 2008, pp. 25â€Å"50.

Implications For School Districts Multicultural Education

Implications for School Districts Multicultural education encompasses a variety of instructional methods designed to support the social and academic needs of the learners within the educational environment. Banks (2002) discusses several benefits to incorporating different cultures into a school’s curriculum as well as a strategic plan for executing the strategies. Restructuring a school’s curriculum is an enormous task that requires planning, professional development, monitoring, and evaluation from various stakeholders in the school community. In order to restructure a school’s curriculum, create a paradigm shift for educators, and successfully implement change, there must be a concerted effort from school administrators, teachers, students, parents, and community members (Assaf et al., 2010; Bhargava, Hawley, Scott, 2004). School administrators play essential roles in creating and maintaining learning environments that embrace diversity, promote inclusion, and expand the curriculum to legitimately discuss the social, political, and educational contributions of individuals with cultural similarities that mirror those of the students who make up the student population. School leaders should collaborate with stakeholders to develop strategies, and monitor the efforts of implementation to identify strengths and weaknesses. In order to successfully transition into a new method of providing instruction to students, teachers will need inordinate amounts of support thatShow MoreRelatedThe South: Educating a Growing Hispanic Population Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pagespopulation, education concerns of this population have started to arise. In some cases, Hispanics are being over referred to special education programs. 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Powers Of Ched Essay Example For Students

Powers Of Ched Essay I. IntroductionUnder Article XIV of the Constitution of the Philippines specifically under Sec. 1 states that â€Å"The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.† This means that every citizen whether at Level 1, 2 or 3 shall be entitled to quality education and that the government should take actions to ensure that this right from the constitution that is granted to the citizen will not be infringed and that quality education will be provided and accessible to all. To ensure that quality education is given to the citizens of the Philippines, the government had vested its powers to different administrative agency to make sure that this right granted to the citizens will not be infringed. The Department of Education for Culture and Sports (DECS) is an example of an administrative agency that was created to ensure that quality education is given to the citizens at all levels. In 1994, the commission on Higher Education (CHED) was created to govern mainly the higher education or otherwise known as the tertiary education. The Commission is a body independent and separate from the DECS, and attached to the Office of the President for administrative purposes only. Its coverage shall be both public and private institutions of higher education as well as degree-granting programs in all post secondary educational institutions, public and private. As a Commission created to govern the higher education, it follows the mission of â€Å"gearing higher educa tion towards the pursuit of better quality of life for all Filipinos by emphasizing the acquisition of knowledge and formation of those skills necessary to make individual a productive member of society. It shall accelerate the development of high-level professionals who will search for new knowledge, and provide leadership in the various disciplines required by a dynamic and self assuring economy.† In short, the mission of the CHED is what is stated in Sec. 1 of Article XIV of the constitution, which is to provide quality education to the citizens and make education accessible to the citizens. In Sec. 2 of RA 7722, the same is mentioned. The state shall protect, foster, promote the right of all citizens to affordable quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to ensure that education shall be accessible to all. The State shall likewise ensure and protect academic freedom and shall promote its exercise and observance for the continuing intellectual growth, the advancement of learning and research, the development of responsible and effective leadership, the education of high-level and middle-level professionals and the enrichment of our historical and cultural heritage. State-supported institutions of higher learning shall gear their programs to national, regional or local development plans. Finally, all institutions of higher learning shall exemplify through their physical and natural surrounding the dignity and beauty of as well as their pride in, the intellectual and scholarly life. In short, the main mission or goal of the CHED is what is stated in Sec 1 of Article XIV of the constitution, which is to provide quality education to the public and to ensure its accessibility to all. Moreover, to achieve Sec. 2 of RA 7722, which is to ensure quality and accessible education, powers are granted to the CHED. Some powers which are obtained transitory from the DECS, meaning the powers of DECS in governing tertiary education are transferred to the CHED. This is in Sec. 18 of RA 7722. Such personnel, properties, assets and liabilities, functions and responsibilities of the Bureau of Higher education, including those for higher and tertiary education and degree-granting vocational and technical programs in the regional offices, under the DECS and other government entities having function similar to those of the Commission are herby transferred to the Commission. From this it is established that the powers that were once granted to DECS in governing the tertiary education are hereby transferred to the CHED. To ensure accessibility of education, one of the most prominent factor will be the tuition fee. The rate at which the tuition fee is established will determine the accessibility of the school, thereby to ensure accessibility for students, tuitions fees should be regulated by the CHED. To be able to regulate the increase of tuition the implementation of the rules and regulation of Presidential Decree (PD) No. 451 was issued. This was to govern increase in tuition fee and other school charges of private schools beginning the school year 1975-1976. Under Sec. 2 of PD 451 â€Å"The Secretary of Education and culture has the authority to regulate on any increase or change in the rates of tuition fee and other school charges collected from students or their parents by all private schools. Any increase or change in the approved rates, including new tuition fee and/or other school charges, of private schools shall not be effective without the prior approval of the Secretary of Education and Culture. Any violation shall be considered unlawful and subject to the penal provision of the law.† Moreover, in the implementation of RA 8292 or otherwise known as the Higher Modernization Act of 1997, which is an act providing for the uniform composition and powers of the governing boards, the manner of appointment term of office of the president of chartered state universities and colleges and for other purposes. In pursuant to Sec. 4 of RA 8292, which is â€Å"the governing board shall have the following specific powers and duties in addition to its general powers of administration and the exercise of all the powers granted to the board of directors under Sec. 36 of BP Blg. 68, otherwise known as the Corporation Code of the Philippines.† Furthermore, under paragraph A of Sec. 4 the government board â€Å"can enact rules and regulations not contrary to law as my be necessary to carry out the purposes and functions of the university or college†. Also Paragraph E of Sec. 4 which specifies that the government board shall â€Å"adopt and implement a socialized scheme of tuition and school fees for greater access to poor but deserving students.† II. Definition of Termsa.) Tuition Fee- covers the school charge for the course or subjects enrolled in by students as indicated in the respective prospectuses, bulletins of information, or catalogues of private schools, which may either be paid on a monthly, semestral, or yearly basis, or per unit or units. Reconstruction EssayFrom Section 18 of RA 7722 alone it is established that powers from the DECS were transferred to the CHED, thus giving the CHED the power to act, and implement rules and regulations. B. Whether or not the order to prohibit the increase of tuition fee by the Commission on Higher Education is valid. Now that it is established that the power of DECS was indeed transferred to the CHED. It is clear that CHED will have all the power to govern the higher education or the tertiary education. However, the issue whether the order to prohibit the increase of tuition fee is valid, still remains. To determine whether the order issued is valid or invalid, the author researched on the law governing the powers of the Secretary of Education, and as well researched on Jurisprudence that dealt with question of the validity of the order of the Secretary of Education. In the search for the laws governing the power of the Secretary of Education, the researcher found two laws that gave the Secretary of Education the authority to regulate the increase on tuition fees. The first law being from SEC. 2 of PD No. 451. â€Å"The Secretary of Education and Culture has the authority to regulate any increase or change in the rate of tuitions and or other school fees or charges collected from pupils or students and/or their parents by all private schools, colleges, and universities† Also in SEC. 57 and 70 of Batasang Pambansa Blg. 232 or otherwise known as the Education Act of 1982 the same is mentioned. In Sec. 57 paragraph 3 it states that â€Å"the Ministry shall promulgate rules and regulations necessary for the administrations, supervision and regulation of the educations system in accordance with declared party.† And Sec. 70 states â€Å"The Minister of Educatoin and Culture, charged with the administration and enforcement of this Act, sh all promulgate the necessary implementing rules and regulation.† From the provisions stated above namely Sec. 2 of PD No. 451, SEC 57 (3) and SEC 70 of BP No. 232, the secretary of education which in this case is the CHED is given the authority to indeed regulate the tuition fee of the higher education, and thus, the order of prohibiting the increase of tuition fee for the school year 2001-2002 is valid. Furthermore, the author consulted the jurisprudence to be sure that the order given by the CHED is indeed valid. In the case of Jose D. Lina Jr., petitioner, vs Isidro D. Carino in his capacity as Secretary of Education, Culture, and Sports, respondent, where the petitioner was questioning the authority of the secretary of education in his issuance of DECS order No. 30 whereby it outlines the rate of increase in tuition which all schools should follow. The issue was â€Å"whether DECS order no. 30 is valid, that is, whether respondent DECS secretary has the legal authority to issue DECS order no. 30 prescribing guidelines concerning increases in tuition and other school fees.† The court basing the facts on the case of Philippine Consumers Foundation, Inc. vs. the Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports, maintained that the DECS order No. 30 was indeed valid and thus, should be implemented by the schools. It followed that â€Å"since no other government agency was vested wi th the authority to fix the maximum school fees, that power should be considered with the DECS Secretary.† With this as a fact on the Jurisprudence of the Philippines, thereby, the Secretary of Education indeed has the authority to regulate the rate of tuition fees of the schools. The secretary of Education in this case being the CHED, as proven in the previous issue that the powers of DECS on the higher Education were transferred to the CHED thereby giving the CHED the power the DECS had before on the higher education. Needless to say, the order issued by the Commission on Higher Education was valid for the reason that the CHED maintains the power to regulate the tuition fees of the school as provided in sec. 2 of PD no. 451, sec. 57(3) and sec. 70 of BP. Blg. No. 232, and lastly the jurisprudence giving the Secretary of Education the authority to regulate the tuition fees of the schools. VII. Statement of Position and ConclusionsHaving presented all the facts the author holds that the orders issued by the Commission on Higher Education prohibiting the increase of tuition fee for the school year 2001-2002 valid. The order is valid because the Commission on Higher Education had the authority to regulate the rate of tuition fee as prescribed in the Presidential Decree No. 451 and Batasang Pambansa blg. 232. Moreover, it is prescribed in the constitution that education should be made accessible to all the citizens of the Philippines, and that the state shall ensure that the citizens are given access to a better education. With the order of the CHED in prohibiting the increase of the tuition fee, it was ensured that this right under the constitution is not infringed, as the administrative body of the government took step to ensure that the citizens will not be deprived in access to education by prohibiting the increase of the tuition fees especially at the time when the c itizens are having financial difficulty. Furthermore, in the Higher education modernization act of 1997 it is further specified under section 4 (e) of the act that a socialized scheme in determining the rate of tuition fee. It specifically states that the tuition fee should provide â€Å"greater access to the poor†, thus in this case, issuing an order prohibiting the increase of tuition fee for the year 2001-2002 is beneficiary to the poor and will provide them with a greater access as the issue of the CHED was to ensure that education does not become burdensome to parents who experience financial difficulty. Lastly, the jurisprudence of the Philippines had shown that the authority to issue and order regarding the regulation on the tuition fees rests in the hands of the Secretary of Education which in this case is the CHED. In both cases presented above, the court had affirmed that the Secretary of Educations indeed has the right to regulate the tuition fee of the schools. VIII. Legal Issues